King of Scotland

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The
SCOTTISH
"ROYAL
FAMILY"
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Matilda of
Scotland
(1080 - 1118)

King
Malcolm
III
(1058 - 1093)

King
Duncan I
(10?? - 1040)

Crínán of Dunkeld
(9?? - 1045)

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Malcolm III     Born: 25 April 1058, SCOTLAND Died: 13 November 1093, (Age 35) Alnwick, Northumberland, ENGLAND                Father:  King Duncan I Mother:  Suthen Spouse:  (1) Ingebjorg Finnsdotter (2) Margaret of Wessex Reign: 1058–1093 Predecessor: Lulach (Lulach mac Gille Comgaín) Successor: Donald III (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada) Royal House: House of Dunkeld   Malcolm III [Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ], surnamed 'Canmore'. which translates from Gaelic as ' big head.' was born in 1031, he was the eldest son of the ill-fated King Duncan.    King Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed by Macbeth on 15 August 1040. Although Shakespeare's “Macbeth” presents Malcolm as a grown man and his father as an old one, it appears that Duncan was still young in 1040.  Malcolm and his brother Donalban [Domnall Bán] were children.  Malcolm's family did attempt to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfather was killed in the attempt.   When his father was killed in battle at Bothganowan by Macbeth, who then usurped Scotland's throne, Malcolm escaped south and took refuge at the court of the English King Hardicanute. He remained an exile in England until in 1053. Hardicanute's successor, the devout Saxon king Edward the Confessor, agreed to render assistance to regain Malcolm's lost throne. Malcolm marched into Scotland with Siward, Earl of Northumbria. He became King after slaying Macbeth at Lumphanan in Mar and was crowned at Scone Abbey on 25th April, 1058.  Malcolm's long reign, lasting 35 years, preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age. Orderic Vitalis reported that one of Malcolm's earliest actions as King may have been to travel south to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret, who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary.  If he did visit the English court, he was the first reigning King of Scots to do so in more than eighty years. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, however, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061.     (Below) King Malcolm with Sir Colvin. Malcolm overthrew and killed Macbeth who had assumed power after murdering Malcolm's father Duncan I.    The ancient Saxon House of Wessex had been displaced by the Norman invader William the Conqueror. Margaret Atheling, a dispossessed princess of the royal Saxon line, arrived in Scotland in 1068, where she sought refuge with her brother, Edgar Atheling. Margaret was said to be a beautiful and highly pious woman and Malcolm was besotted by her. Although preferring a religious life, she eventually consented to become the wife of the King of Scots. Disputes concerning the boundaries of Cumbria and Lothian arose with the new King of England, the formidable William the Conqueror.   William the Conqueror, not a man to do things by halves, and he marched north to the Tay, where his large army was met by a great English fleet. Malcolm agreed to meet William for talks at Abernethy. He then paid homage to the English King and agreed to surrender his eldest son by his first marriage, Duncan, as security for his future obedience.    The new Queen of Scots, Margaret, held considerable influence with her indulgent husband. She was highly religious and humane and exceedingly generous to the poor. She frequently washed the feet of beggars and performed many similar acts of charity for which she gained the lasting respect of her subjects.   The Queen attempted to get women admitted into places of worship, a curious prohibition that then existed in the Gaelic Church. She also campaigned to forbid men to marry their step mothers. Margaret is said to have secured the observance of the Sabbath by banning all work on Sundays and re-introduced the practice of saying grace after meals to Scotland.       (Left) Malcolm III [Máel Coluim] and Margaret as depicted in a 16th century armorial. Note the coats of arms both bear on their clothing - Malcolm wears the Lion of Scotland, which historically was not used until the time of his great-grandson William the Lion; Margaret wears the supposed arms of Edward the Confessor, her grand-uncle, although the arms were in fact concocted in the later Middle Ages.   The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Scots Regal names such as Malcolm, Cináed and Áed. The point of naming Margaret's sons, Edward after her father Edward the Exile, Edmund for her grandfather Edmund Ironside, Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred the Unready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar was unlikely to be missed in England, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secure.     Whether the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexander I of Scotland (either for Pope Alexander II or for Alexander the Great) and the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represented a recognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, or was due to the repetition of Anglo-Saxon Royal name—another Edmund had preceded Edgar—is not known.  Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters, Edith, who married Henry I of England, and Mary, who married Eustace III of Boulogne.       Children of King Malcolm III and Saint Margaret of Scotland Name Birth Date Death Date Spouse Duncan II King of Scots 1060 12 Nov 1094 Uchtreda of Northumbria Edward       Edmund of Scotland After 1070 After 1097   Edgar King of Scots 1074 8 Jan 1107   Alexander I King of Scots 1078 23 Apr 1124 Sybilla de Normandy David I King of Scots 1083 24 May 1153 Matilda Countess in Huntingdon Edith     King Henry I of England Mary     Eustace III of Boulogne     While marching north, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick, on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle. The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick.  Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from Edgar.  The Annals of Ulster say: “Mael Coluim son of Donnchad, over-king of Scotland, and Edward his son, were killed by the French in Inber Alda in England. His queen, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days”.     On 19th June, 1250, her body and that of her spouse, Malcolm III, were exhumed and removed to a magnificent shrine. 19th June was thereafter celebrated in Scotland as the feast of St. Margaret. Her remains, along with those of her husband, were not allowed to rest in peace however. In 1560 St. Margaret's shrine was desecrated by Scots Calvinist iconoclasts. Mary, Queen of Scots had St. Margaret's head removed as a reliquary to Edinburgh Castle, as she hoped to call on the assistance of the saint in childbirth.           SOURCES:   King Edward I, King Henry III, King John, Malcolm III http://en.wikipedia.org   Charlemagne's Descendants to George Washington http://www.kareldegrote.nl/charlemagne/George_Washington.htm   Margaret Butler & Sir Lawrence Washington to King Edward I of England http://www.thepeerage.com/p17991.htm#i179904   ROYAL DESCENT The Lanier Family Connection to the Washington Family The Connection to King Edward I of England http://jimserver.net/genealogy/royal_desc.html   The Ancestry of George Washington Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/washancestry.html   Polish History, Heraldry and Genealogy The Lineage of George Washington http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/lineageGW.html   Sampson LANIER & Elizabeth WASHINGTON http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asbellm/genealogy/fam01284.htm         If you have photos or additional information, please contact me.