In 1225, the council of Bourges excommunicated the Count of Toulouse, Raymond VII, and declared a crusade against the southern barons. Louis happily renewed the conflict in order to enforce his royal rights. Roger Bernard the Great, Count of Foix, tried to keep the peace, but the king rejected his embassy and the counts of Foix and Toulouse took up arms against him. The king was largely successful, but he did not complete the work before his death.
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Louis VIII
Born: 05 Sep 1187, Paris, FRANCE
Died: 08 Nov 1226, Château Montpensier, FRANCE
Father: King Philip II of France
Mother: Isabelle of Hainaut
Spouse: Blanche of CastileReign: 14 July 1223 – 08 November 1226
Predecessor: King Philip II "Augustus" of France
Successor: King Louis IX of France
Royal House: House of CapetLouis VIII was born in Paris, France, the son of Philip II Augustus and Isabelle of Hainaut. He was also Count of Artois from 1190, inheriting the county from his mother.
At the age of 12, Louis was married to Blanche of Castile on 23 May 1200, following prolonged negotiations between King Philip “Augustus” II and Blanche's uncle King John of England.
In 1216 the English barons rebelled in the First Barons' War against the unpopular King John of England (1199–1216) and offered the throne to Prince Louis. Louis invaded and was proclaimed King in London in May 1216, although he was not crowned. There was little resistance when the prince entered London. At St Paul's Cathedral, Louis was accepted as ruler with great pomp and celebration in the presence of all of London. Many nobles, as well as King Alexander II of Scotland (1214–49), gathered to give homage to him.
On 14 June, Louis captured Winchester and soon conquered over half of the English kingdom. After a year and a half of war and King John's death, most of the rebellious barons defected and so Louis had to give up his claim to be the King of England by signing the Treaty of Lambeth in 1217. The effect of the treaty was that Louis agreed he had never been the legitimate king of England.Louis VIII succeeded his father on 14 July 1223; his coronation took place on 6 August of the same year in the cathedral at Reims. As King, he continued to seek revenge on the Angevins and seized Poitou and Saintonge from them in 1224. There followed the seizure of Avignon and Languedoc.
King Louis VIII and Queen Blanche of Castile
(Left) Queen Blanche of Castile & France
On 01 Nov 1223, he issued an ordinance that prohibited his officials from recording debts owed to Jews, thus reversing the policies set by his father Philip II Augustus.
Usury (lending money with interest) was illegal for Christians to practice. According to Church law it was seen as a vice in which people profited from others' misfortune (like gambling), and was punishable by excommunication, a severe punishment. However since Jews were not Christian, they could not be excommunicated, and thus fell in to a legal gray area which secular rulers would sometimes exploit by allowing (or requesting) Jews to provide usury services, often for personal gain to the secular ruler, and to the discontent of the Church.
Louis VIII's prohibition was one attempt at resolving this legal problem which was a constant source of friction in Church and State courts.
Twenty-six barons accepted, but Theobald IV (1201–53), the powerful Count of Champagne, did not, since he had an agreement with the Jews that guaranteed him extra income through taxation. Theobald IV would become a major opposition force to Capetian dominance, and his hostility was manifest during the reign of Louis VIII.
Children of King Louis VIII and Blanche of Castile
Name Birth Date Death Date Spouse Blanche 1205 1206 Agnes 1207 Philippe 09 Sep 1209 Jul 1218 Agnes of Donzy Alphonse
(Twin to Alphonse)23 Jan 1213 23 Jan 1213 John
(Twin to Alphonse)23 Jan 1213 23 Jan 1213 King Louis IX
of France25 Apr 1214 25 Aug 1270 Marguerite of Provence Robert 25 Sep 1216 09 Feb 1250 Matilda of Brabant Philippe 02 Jan 1218 1220 John Tristan
Count of Anjou & Maine21 Jul 1219 1232 Alphonse
Count of Poitou & Auvergne
and by marriage, of Toulouse11 Nov 1220 21 Aug 1271 Joan of Toulouse Philippe Dagobert 20 Feb 1222 1232 Isabel 14 Apr 1225 23 Feb 1269 King Charles Etienne
Count of Anjou & Maine
by marriage Count of Provence
& Folcalquier and King of Sicily21 Mar 1226 7 Jan 1285 (1) Beatrice of Provence
(2) Margaret of BurgundyWhile returning to Paris, King Louis VIII became ill with dysentery, and died on 8 November 1226 in the chateau at Montpensier, Auvergne.
The Saint Denis Basilica houses the tomb of Louis VIII. His son, Louis IX (1226–70), succeeded him on the throne.
SOURCES:
King Louis VIII of France, King Philip III of France
http://en.wikipedia.orgROYAL DESCENT
The Lanier Family Connection to the Washington Family
The Connection to King Edward I of England
http://jimserver.net/genealogy/royal_desc.htmlCharlemagne's Descendants to George Washington
http://www.kareldegrote.nl/charlemagne/George_Washington.htmMargaret Butler & Sir Lawrence Washington
to King Edward I of England
http://www.thepeerage.com/p17991.htm#i179904The Ancestry of George Washington
Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution
http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/washancestry.htmlPolish History, Heraldry and Genealogy
The Lineage of George Washington
http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/lineageGW.htmlSampson LANIER & Elizabeth WASHINGTON
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asbellm/genealogy/fam01284.htmIf you have photos or additional information, please contact me.
