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William I
"The
Conqueror"

(1027 - 1087)
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Henry I

 

Born: 1068/1069, Selby, Yorkshire, ENGLAND

Died: 01 Dec 1135 (aged 66-67), Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Normandy, ENGLAND

 

         

 

Father:  King William I "the Conqueror" of England
Mother:  Matilda of Flanders
Spouse:  (1) Matilda of Scotland
(2) Adeliza of Louvain


Reign:
1106 – 1 December 1135
Predecessor: William II Rufus
Successor: Stephen

Royal House:
House of Normandy

 

Henry I was born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire in the north east of England. He was the fourth son of William I, the Conqueror, and Matilda of Flanders.  Queen Matilda named the infant Prince Henry, after her uncle, Henry I of France. As the youngest son of the family, he was almost certainly expected to become a Bishop and was given rather more extensive schooling than was usual for a young nobleman of that time.  He was called Beauclerc for his scholarly interests and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the legislative machinery of the time.

 

When King William I's second son Richard was killed in a hunting accident in 1081, the King bequeathed his dominions to his three surviving sons.  Robert received the Duchy of Normandy and became Duke Robert II.  William Rufus received the Kingdom of England and became King William II.  Henry Beauclerc received 5,000 pounds in silver.  The Chronicler Orderic Vitalis reported that the old King declared to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth and power."

Henry tried to play his brothers off against each other but eventually, wary of his devious maneuvering, they acted together and signed an Accession Treaty. This sought to bar Prince Henry from both Thrones by stipulating that if either King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving brother.

On  02 Aug 1100, William II was killed by an arrow in yet another hunting accident in the New Forest and Duke Robert had not yet returned from the First Crusade.

 
   

Robert's absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles, allowed Prince Henry to seize the Royal Treasury at Winchester, Hampshire, where he buried his dead brother. Henry was accepted as King by the leading Barons and was crowned three days later on 5 August at Westminster Abbey.

 

On 11 November 1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. The marriage united the Norman line with the old English line of Kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman Barons, however, and as a concession to their sensibilities Edith changed her name to Matilda after becoming Queen. As a result of his marriage, Henry became far more acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace.

 

The chronicler William of Malmesbury described Henry thus: "He was of middle stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall; his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy."

 

In the following year, 1101, Robert Curthose, Henry's eldest brother, attempted to seize the crown by invading England. In the Treaty of Alton, Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King of England and return peacefully to Normandy, upon receipt of an annual sum of 2000 silver marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.

In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and the drain on his fiscal resources from the annual payment, Henry led an expeditionary force across the English Channel.  After Henry had defeated his brother's Norman army, he imprisoned Robert, in the Tower of London. One day whilst out riding, Robert attempted to escape but his horse was bogged down in a swamp and he was recaptured. To prevent further escape attempts, Henry had Robert's eyes burnt out. Henry appropriated the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of the Kingdom of England and reunited his father's dominions. Even after taking control of the Duchy of Normandy he didn't take the title of Duke.  He chose to control it as the King of England.

 

Henry was also known for committing some brutal acts. He once threw a traitorous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen; the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another instance in 1119, Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry, exchanged their children as hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutilate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet with his daughter but Juliane draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her own father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry was reconciled with his daughter and son-in-law.

 
 
Children of King Henry I and Matilda of Scotland
Name Birth Date Death Date Spouse
Empress Matilda February 1102 10 September 1167 (1) Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
(2) Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
William Adelin 05 Aug 1103 25 Nov 1120 Matilda, daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou.
 
 

Matilda (Edith) died on 01 May 1118 at the palace of Westminster. She was buried in Westminster Abbey.

 

On 29 January 1121 Henry married Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey I of Leuven, Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant, but there were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs, Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Matilda, widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir.

 

King Henry is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses, and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is documentation are:

 

 

King Hernry's Illegetimate Children

Name Mother Birth Date Spouse
Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester Sybil Corbet    
Maud FitzRoy     Conan III, Duke of Brittany
Constance FitzRoy     Richard de Beaumont
Mabel FitzRoy     William III Gouet
Aline FitzRoy     Matthieu I of Montmorency
Gilbert FitzRoy      
Emma   1138 Gui de Laval, Lord Laval
William de Tracy Gieva de Tracy    
Juliane de Fontevrault Ansfride 1090 Eustace de Pacy
Fulk FitzRoy Ansfride 1092 Never Married;
a monk at Abingdon
Richard of Lincoln Ansfride 1094  
Sybilla de Normandy Sybil Corbet   Alexander I of Scotland
William Constable Sybil Corbet 1105 Alice (Constable)
Reginald de Dunstanville
1st Earl of Cornwall
Sybil Corbet    
Gundred/Rohese of England Sybil Corbet 1114 Henry de la Pomeroy
Robert FitzEdith
Lord Okehampton
Edith FitzForne 1093 Dame Maud
d'Avranches du Sap
Adeliza FitzEdith Edith FitzForne    
Henry FitzRoy Nest ferch Rhys 1103  
Isabel Hedwig of England Isabel (Elizabeth)
de Beaumont
   
Matilda FitzRoy
Abbess of Montvilliers
Isabel (Elizabeth)
de Beaumont
   

 

 

Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of Empress Matilda and Geoffrey Plantagenet. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon quarreled with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far longer than he originally planned.

 

Henry died on 1 December 1135 of food poisoning (not poisoned food) in Normandy. His remains were sewn into the hide of a bull to preserve them on the journey back to England.  He was buried at Reading Abbey, which he had founded fourteen years before, but the Abbey was destroyed during the Protestant Reformation. No trace of his tomb has survived.

 
 

(Below) Plaque indicating burial-place of Henry I

 
 
 
 
 
 

SOURCES:

 

King Edward I, King Henry III, King John, King Henry II, King Henry I
http://en.wikipedia.org

 

Charlemagne's Descendants to George Washington
http://www.kareldegrote.nl/charlemagne/George_Washington.htm

 

Margaret Butler & Sir Lawrence Washington
to King Edward I of England
http://www.thepeerage.com/p17991.htm#i179904

 

ROYAL DESCENT
The Lanier Family Connection to the Washington Family
The Connection to King Edward I of England
http://jimserver.net/genealogy/royal_desc.html

 

The Ancestry of George Washington
Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution

http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/washancestry.html

 

Polish History, Heraldry and Genealogy
The Lineage of George Washington
http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/lineageGW.html

 

Sampson LANIER & Elizabeth WASHINGTON
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asbellm/genealogy/fam01284.htm

 
 
 
 

If you have photos or additional information, please contact me.