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Henry
I |
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Born: 1068/1069, Selby, Yorkshire,
ENGLAND |
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Died: 01 Dec 1135 (aged 66-67),
Saint-Denis-en-Lyons, Normandy, ENGLAND |
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Father:
King
William I "the Conqueror" of England
Mother: Matilda of Flanders
Spouse: (1)
Matilda of Scotland
(2) Adeliza of Louvain
Reign: 1106 – 1 December 1135
Predecessor:
William II Rufus
Successor:
Stephen
Royal House: House of Normandy |
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Henry I was
born between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire
in the north east of England. He was the fourth son of William
I, the Conqueror, and Matilda of Flanders.
Queen Matilda named the infant Prince Henry, after her
uncle, Henry I of France. As the youngest son of the family, he
was almost certainly expected to become a Bishop and was given
rather more extensive schooling than was usual for a young
nobleman of that time. He was called Beauclerc for
his scholarly interests and Lion of Justice for
refinements which he brought about in the legislative machinery
of the time. |
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When King
William I's second son Richard was killed in a hunting accident
in 1081, the King bequeathed his dominions to his three
surviving sons. Robert received the Duchy of Normandy and
became Duke Robert II. William Rufus received the Kingdom
of England and became King William II. Henry Beauclerc
received 5,000 pounds in silver. The
Chronicler Orderic Vitalis reported that the old King declared
to Henry: "You in your own time will have all the dominions I
have acquired and be greater than both your brothers in wealth
and power."
Henry tried to play his brothers off against each other
but eventually, wary of his devious maneuvering, they acted
together and signed an Accession Treaty. This sought to bar
Prince Henry from both Thrones by stipulating that if either
King William or Duke Robert died without an heir, the two
dominions of their father would be reunited under the surviving
brother.
On 02 Aug 1100, William II was killed by an arrow in yet
another hunting accident in the New Forest and Duke Robert had
not yet returned from the First Crusade. |
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Robert's
absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles,
allowed Prince Henry to seize the Royal Treasury at Winchester,
Hampshire, where he buried his dead brother. Henry was accepted
as King by the leading Barons and was crowned three days later
on 5 August at Westminster Abbey. |
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On 11 November
1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of
Scotland. The marriage united the Norman line with the old
English line of Kings. The marriage greatly displeased the
Norman Barons, however, and as a concession to their
sensibilities Edith changed her name to Matilda after becoming
Queen. As a result of his marriage, Henry became far more
acceptable to the Anglo-Saxon populace. |
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The chronicler
William of Malmesbury described Henry thus: "He was of middle
stature, greater than the small, but exceeded by the very tall;
his hair was black and set back upon the forehead; his eyes
mildly bright; his chest brawny; his body fleshy." |
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In the
following year, 1101, Robert Curthose, Henry's eldest brother,
attempted to seize the crown by invading England. In the Treaty
of Alton, Robert agreed to recognise his brother Henry as King
of England and return peacefully to Normandy, upon receipt of an
annual sum of 2000 silver marks, which Henry proceeded to pay.
In 1105, to eliminate the continuing threat from Robert and the
drain on his fiscal resources from the annual payment, Henry led
an expeditionary force across the English Channel. After Henry
had defeated his brother's Norman army, he imprisoned Robert, in
the Tower of London. One day whilst out riding, Robert attempted
to escape but his horse was bogged down in a swamp and he was
recaptured. To prevent further escape attempts, Henry had
Robert's eyes burnt out. Henry appropriated the Duchy of
Normandy as a possession of the Kingdom of England and reunited
his father's dominions. Even after taking control of the Duchy
of Normandy he didn't take the title of Duke. He chose to
control it as the King of England. |
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Henry was also
known for committing some brutal acts. He once threw a
traitorous burgher named Conan Pilatus from the tower of Rouen;
the tower was known from then on as "Conan's Leap". In another
instance in 1119, Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph
Harnec, the constable of Ivry, exchanged their children as
hostages. When Eustace blinded Harnec's son, Harnec demanded
vengeance. King Henry allowed Harnec to blind and mutilate
Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own
grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and
threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet with his daughter
but Juliane draw a crossbow and attempt to assassinate her own
father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped
by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later
Henry was reconciled with his daughter and son-in-law. |
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Children of King
Henry I and Matilda of Scotland |
| Name |
Birth Date |
Death Date |
Spouse |
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Empress Matilda |
February 1102 |
10 September 1167 |
(1) Henry V, Holy
Roman Emperor
(2) Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou |
| William Adelin |
05 Aug 1103 |
25 Nov 1120 |
Matilda, daughter
of Fulk V, Count of Anjou. |
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Matilda (Edith)
died on 01 May 1118 at the palace of Westminster. She was buried
in Westminster Abbey. |
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On 29 January
1121 Henry married Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey I of Leuven,
Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant, but there
were no children from this marriage. Left without male heirs,
Henry took the unprecedented step of making his barons swear to
accept his daughter
Empress Matilda, widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman
Emperor, as his heir. |
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King Henry is
famed for holding the record for the largest number of
acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king,
with the number being around 20 or 25. He had many mistresses,
and identifying which mistress is the mother of which child is
difficult. His illegitimate offspring for whom there is
documentation are: |
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King Hernry's Illegetimate Children |
| Name |
Mother |
Birth Date |
Spouse |
| Robert, 1st Earl
of Gloucester |
Sybil Corbet |
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| Maud FitzRoy |
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Conan III, Duke of
Brittany |
| Constance
FitzRoy |
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Richard de Beaumont |
| Mabel FitzRoy |
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William III Gouet |
| Aline FitzRoy |
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Matthieu I of
Montmorency |
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Gilbert FitzRoy |
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| Emma |
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1138 |
Gui de Laval, Lord
Laval |
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William de Tracy |
Gieva de Tracy |
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| Juliane de
Fontevrault |
Ansfride |
1090 |
Eustace de Pacy |
| Fulk
FitzRoy |
Ansfride |
1092 |
Never
Married;
a monk at Abingdon |
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Richard of Lincoln |
Ansfride |
1094 |
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| Sybilla de
Normandy |
Sybil Corbet |
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Alexander I of
Scotland |
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William Constable |
Sybil Corbet |
1105 |
Alice
(Constable) |
Reginald de Dunstanville
1st Earl of Cornwall |
Sybil Corbet |
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| Gundred/Rohese
of England |
Sybil Corbet |
1114 |
Henry de la Pomeroy |
Robert FitzEdith
Lord Okehampton |
Edith FitzForne |
1093 |
Dame
Maud
d'Avranches du Sap |
| Adeliza
FitzEdith |
Edith FitzForne |
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Henry FitzRoy |
Nest
ferch Rhys |
1103 |
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| Isabel Hedwig of
England |
Isabel (Elizabeth)
de Beaumont |
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Matilda FitzRoy
Abbess of Montvilliers |
Isabel (Elizabeth)
de Beaumont |
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Henry visited
Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons, the children of
Empress Matilda and Geoffrey Plantagenet. He took great delight
in his grandchildren, but soon quarreled with his daughter and
son-in-law and these disputes led him to tarry in Normandy far
longer than he originally planned. |
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Henry died on 1
December 1135 of food poisoning (not poisoned food) in Normandy.
His remains were sewn into the hide of a bull to preserve them
on the journey back to England. He was buried at Reading Abbey,
which he had founded fourteen years before, but the Abbey was
destroyed during the Protestant Reformation. No trace of his
tomb has survived. |
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(Below)
Plaque indicating burial-place of Henry I |
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SOURCES: |
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King Edward I, King Henry
III, King John, King Henry II, King Henry I
http://en.wikipedia.org
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Charlemagne's Descendants to George Washington
http://www.kareldegrote.nl/charlemagne/George_Washington.htm
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Margaret
Butler & Sir Lawrence Washington
to King Edward I of England
http://www.thepeerage.com/p17991.htm#i179904 |
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ROYAL
DESCENT
The Lanier Family Connection to the Washington Family
The Connection to King Edward I of England
http://jimserver.net/genealogy/royal_desc.html |
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The
Ancestry of George Washington
Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution
http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/washancestry.html
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Polish
History, Heraldry and Genealogy
The Lineage of George Washington
http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/lineageGW.html
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Sampson
LANIER & Elizabeth WASHINGTON
http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asbellm/genealogy/fam01284.htm |
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If you have photos or additional information, please contact me. |
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