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Edward I     Born: 17 June 1239, Westminster Palace, London, England Died: 7 July 1307, Burgh-on-Sands, Carlisle, Scotland               Father:  Henry III Mother:  Eleanor of Provence Spouse:  (1) Eleanor of Castile (2) Marguerite of France Reign: 17 November 1272 – 7 July 1307 Predecessor: King Henry III of England Successor: King Edward II of England Royal House: House of Plantagenet     Edward I was born on the evening of 17 June 1239 at the Palace of Westminster in London, England.  He was the son of King Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence and known as Edward Longshanks.  As King of England he became King Edward I even though he was the 4th King of England with the name Edward.   He was an older brother of Beatrice of England, Margaret of England, and Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster. He was named after Edward the Confessor.  From 1239 to 1246 Edward was in the care of Hugh Giffard (the son of Godfrey Giffard) and his wife, Sybil, who had been one of the midwives at Edward's birth. On Giffard's death in 1246, Bartholomew Pecche took over. Edward's first marriage, when he was 15, was arranged in 1254 by his father and Alfonso X of Castile. Alfonso had insisted that Edward receive grants of land worth 15,000 marks a year and also asked to knight him; Henry had already planned a knighthood ceremony for Edward but conceded. Edward crossed the Channel in June, and was knighted by Alfonso.  He married Eleanor of Castile, who was 13 on 01 November 1254 in the monastery of Las Huelgas. Eleanor and Edward would go on to have at least fifteen children, and her death in 1290 affected Edward deeply. He displayed his grief by erecting the Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortège stopped for the night.     Early grants of land included Gascony.  Edward was granted much additional land, including Wales and Ireland, but for various reasons had less involvement in their administration.   Edward's character greatly contrasted with that of his father, who reigned over England throughout Edward's childhood and consistently tended to favour compromise with his opponents. Edward had already shown himself as an ambitious and impatient man, displaying considerable military.   Edward was known to be fond of falconry and horse riding. The names of some of his horses are recorded in royal rolls:  Lyard was his war horse; Ferrault his hunting horse; and his favorite was Bayard. At the Siege of Berwick, Edward is said to have led the assault personally, using Bayard to leap over the earthen defenses of the city.   (Below) Conwy Castle Conwy Castle is on the north coast of Wales It was built between 1283 and 1289 by King Edward I     The castle is divided into an inner and an outer ward, separated by a thick wall, and at each end, one of eight flanking towers. The towers are over 70ft high and 30ft in diameter, with walls 15ft thick, and consist of several stories.             Children of King Edward I and Eleanor of Castile Name Birth Date Death Date Spouse (Nameless Daughter) 1255 1255 Buried in Bordeaux   Katherine 1264 1264   Joan 1265 1265 Buried at Westminster   John 10 Jun 1266 01 Aug 1271 (age 5) Buried at Westminster   Henry 13 Jul 1268 Windsor Castle 14 Oct 1274 (age 6)   Eleanor 1269 12 Oct 1298 (Age 29) Sount Henry III of Bar (Nameless Daughter) 1271 Acre, Palestine 28 May 1271   Joan of Acre 1272 Acre, Palestine 23 Apr 1307 (Age 35) (1) Gilbert d Clare, 7th Earl of Hetford (2) Ralph de Monthemer, 1st Bron Monthermer Alphonso 24 Nov 1273 14/19 Aug 1284 (Age 10) Buried at Westminster   Margaret 11 Sep 1275 Windsor Castle 1318 (Age 43) (1) John II of Brabant Berengaria (AKA: Berenice) 01 May 1276 Kempton Palace 27 Jun 1278 (Age 2) Buried at Westminster   Mary 11 Mar 1278 or 22 Apr 1278 08 Jul 1332 (Age 53) (A Nun in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England) Elizabeth of Rhuddlan Aug 1282 Rhuddlan Castle Flintshire, Whales 05 May 1316 (Age 33) Buried at Walden Abbey (1) John I, Count of Holland (2) Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford & 3rd Earl of Essex Edward II of England (AKA: Edward of Caernarvon) 25 Apr 1284 Caernarvon Castle, Whales 21 Sep 1327 Murdered at Berkeley Castle Isabella of France     In 1266, Cardinal Ottobono arrived in England and appealed to Edward and his brother Edmund to participate in the Eighth Crusade alongside Louis IX of France.  In order to fund the crusade, Edward had to borrow heavily from the French king, and persuade a reluctant parliament to vote him a subsidy.  No such tax had been raised in England since 1237.   The number of knights and retainers that accompanied Edward on the crusade was quite small. He drew up contracts with 225 knights, and one chronicler estimated that his total force numbered 1000 men.  Many of the members of Edward's expedition were close friends and family including his wife Eleanor of Castile, his brother Edmund, and his first cousin Henry of Almain. The original goal of the crusade to Israel was to relieve the beleaguered Christian stronghold of Acre, but Louis had been diverted to Tunis. By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Louis had died of disease. The majority of the French forces at Tunis thus returned home, but a small number joined Edward who continued to Acre to participate in the Ninth Crusade. After a short stop in Cyprus, Edward arrived in Acre, reportedly with thirteen ships. In 1271, Hugh III of Cyprus arrived with a contingent of knights.     An almost fatal wound inflicted by a Muslim assassin, soon forced Edward to return to England. On his return voyage he learned of his father's death. Overall, Edward's crusade was rather insignificant and only gave the city of Acre a reprieve of ten years. However, Edward's reputation was greatly enhanced by his participation and he was hailed by one contemporary English songwriter as a new Richard the Lionheart.   Edward's accession marked a watershed. Previous kings of England were only regarded as such from the moment of their coronation.  Edward, by prior arrangement before his departure on crusade, was regarded as king from the moment of his father's death, although his rule was not proclaimed until 20 November 1272, four days after Henry's demise. Edward was not crowned until his return to England in 1274.  His coronation took place on Sunday, 19 August 1274, in the new abbey church at Westminster, rebuilt by his father.     Edward's later life was fraught with difficulty, as he lost his beloved first wife Eleanor and his heir failed to develop the expected kingly character.   His second marriage, when he was 60, at Canterbury on 10 September 1299, was to Marguerite of France.  She was 17 years old and known as the "Pearl of France" by Edward’s English subjects.  She was the daughter of King Philip III of France (Phillip the Bold) and Maria of Brabant.  Their marriage produced three children.     Children of King Edward I and Marguerite Name Birth Date Death Date Spouse Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfold 01 Jun 1300 Brotherton, Yorkshire 04 Aug 1338 to 20 Sep 1338 (Age 38) (1) Alice Hayles (2) Mary Brewes Edmund of Woodstock 05 Aug 1301 Woodstock Palace 19 Mar 1330 (Age 28) Executed by Isabella of France & Roger Mortimer following the overthrow of Edward II Margaret Wakelyn Eleanor 04 May 1306 1311 (Age 5)     As Edward exercised greater control over the barons, his popularity waned. To combat his falling popularity and to drum up support for his campaigns against Wales and Scotland, Edward united the country by attacking the practice of usury which had impoverished many of his subjects. In 1275, Edward issued the Statute of the Jewry, which imposed various restrictions upon the Jews of England; most notably, outlawing usury and introducing to England the practice of requiring Jews to wear a yellow badge on their outer garments. In 1279, in the context of a crack-down on coin-clippers, he arrested all the heads of Jewish households in England, and had around 300 of them executed in the Tower of London. Others were executed in their homes. Edward became a national hero and won the support he needed. By the Edict of Expulsion of 1290, Edward formally expelled all Jews from England. The motive for this expulsion was first and foremost financial - in almost every case, all their money and property was confiscated. They did not return until the Seventeenth Century, when Oliver Cromwell invited them to come back.     Edward's personal treasure, valued at over a year's worth of the kingdom's tax revenue, was stolen by Richard of Pudlicott in 1306, leading to one of the largest criminal trials of the period.     Edward's plan to conquer Scotland ultimately failed. In 1307 he died at Burgh-by-Sands, Cumberland on the Scottish border, while on his way to wage another campaign against the Scots.  According to a later chronicler tradition, Edward asked to have his bones carried on future military campaigns in Scotland. More credible and contemporary writers reported that the king's last request was to have his heart taken to the Holy Land. All that is certain is that Edward was buried in Westminster Abbey in a plain black marble tomb. On 2 January 1774, the Society of Antiquaries opened the coffin and discovered that his body had been perfectly preserved for 467 years. His body was measured to be 6 feet 2 inches - Hence the nickname "Longshanks" meaning Long legs.       SOURCES:   Charlemagne's Descendants to George Washington http://www.kareldegrote.nl/charlemagne/George_Washington.htm   Margaret Butler & Sir Lawrence Washington to King Edward I of England http://www.thepeerage.com/p17991.htm#i179904   ROYAL DESCENT The Lanier Family Connection to the Washington Family The Connection to King Edward I of England http://jimserver.net/genealogy/royal_desc.html   The Ancestry of George Washington Sons of Liberty Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/washancestry.html   Polish History, Heraldry and Genealogy The Lineage of George Washington http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/lineageGW.html   Sampson LANIER & Elizabeth WASHINGTON http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asbellm/genealogy/fam01284.htm   King Edward I, King Henry III, King John http://en.wikipedia.org         If you have photos or additional information, please contact me.